I've driven 3 Syncro Vanagons (no 2wd stuff here). I've driven with 2.1
liter engines in a Tristar, a Westy Syncro and a 7 passenger syncro. In
the 7 passenger syncro I even had a new (dealer) 2.1 liter put in.

The Westy has the most tired engine (and the most weight). It manages
to get around. My 7 passenger now has a Tiico engine in it. It's a
blast to drive (especially when I don't have the middle seat
installed).

My biggest complaints with the 2.1 liter are it's limited RPM range,
and it's lack of power. The power is adequate in most urban area and
urban highway driving. I find it inadequate when towing, or climbing
mountains (Applachian or Rocky).

Okay, now to recitify the above reasoning. A lot of the issues with the
2.1 are the transmission gearings on the Syncros. There is such a big
difference between 3rd and 4th, that you either are revving the engine
too fast (in 3rd) or don't have enough torque to maintain speed (in
4th).

On US 48 (well soon to be US 48) in WV, the speed limit is 65 mph. I
see that twice. Once when accelerating downhill, and once when being
slowed on the uphlll. I can't maintain 65. I can't even remain in
cruise control, as the engine won't even maintain 50 on the grades in
4th...at least in my Westy. My Tiico passenger is a little better. It
will maintain 55 on the grades (but not 65).

I have no problem with Bob's engines (I'm frankly glad we have someone
like him around). I think for most folks living in cities they are your
best choice. And you'll still be allowed to get service at VW dealers,
should you so dare.

But my personal uses for my Vanagons mean I need something more. And
since I have no need to get rid of mine, alternative engines (be it
Tiico, Subaru or something else) are something I can live with. That
may not be true for others. And alternative engines (no matter the
initial cost) are NOT going to be cheaper. You have the install costs,
and the long term maintenance costs (not always to be measured in
dollars) where you'll have to do the work yourself or have someone you
can depend on for years to be there for your oddball setup.

All of this is to say, that despite all the advice members of this list
can give an individual, it all comes down to your personal situation.
How long are you going to keep the vehicle (5 years? 10?) What happens
when you don't want it anymore? Who are you likely to sell/give it to?
Are they prepared for a hybrid oddball? Do you care?

Just things to think about for anyone giving thought to a replacement
engine.