>This exhaust thread got me thinking. My relatively new to me 83.5 Westy had
a
>rebuilt water cooled engine that was "installed" by a DPOs "mechanic."
>
>On my bus the exhaust is bolted to the heads with bolts. It would seem to
me
>that the heads would correctly have studs with nuts holding the exhaust in

On 2.1's both are used, studs on one side of the head (and engine as it ends
up, looking from front or back) bolts on the other.  Studs by the flat
coolant flange not the big nipple.

Funny thing on the '85 I think it is mostly bolts, but previous idiot
mechanic may have done that.  look at Bently

John
vwbus@mindspring.com