Trent,

This sounds like a classic case of "bad thermostat".  An engine that never
comes up to full operating temperature will cause the injection to run in
"cold start" mode all the time, which is extremely rich.  The Vanagon has
a very efficient cooling system and a huge volume of coolant;  If the
thermostat is stuck open (or maybe removed altogether by evil previous
owner) the engine will never warm up.  Another advantage is much better
heat when the cooling system is working properly.  This is an inexpensive
repair...  Use a VW, not aftermarket part!!!

Regards,
Jon B Kanas

Lockheed Martin Flight Systems
Spacecraft Test Lab
303-977-6354
jon.b.kanas@lmco.com